“Nyuma yo gukora amasaha y’inyongera nijoro, mba menyereye kurya isafuriya ishyushye yishyushya cyangwa guteka ipaki y’ibitoki byo mu bwoko bwa snails kugira ngo mbone uko ngira inzara.” Madamu Meng wo mu muryango wa Beipiao yabwiye umunyamakuru wa “China Business Daily”. Ni ibintu byoroshye, biraryoshye kandi bihendutse kuko akunda ibyoroshye.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, umunyamakuru yasanze uburyo bwo korohereza abantu kubona ibyo kurya byihuse bwakuruye abantu benshi. Vuba aha, ikirango cy’ibiryo byihuse cyashyizwe mu mashashi "cooking bag" hamwe n’ikirango cy’ibiryo byihuse cya "Bagou" byarangije ibyiciro bishya by’inkunga. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye y’umunyamakuru, kuva umwaka ushize, inkunga yose y’ibicuruzwa byihuse yarenze miliyari imwe y’amayuan.
Abantu benshi babajijwe bemeza ko iterambere ryihuse ry’ibyorohereza abantu no kurya byihuse rifite aho rihuriye n’ubukungu bwo kuguma mu rugo, ubukungu butishoboye, no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga. Iterambere rito ryabaye inzitizi.
Umusesenguzi w’inganda z’ibiribwa mu Bushinwa, Zhu Danpeng, yizera ko isoko ry’ibiribwa byihuse n’ibyoroshye rigifite umwanya munini wo gutera imbere mu gihe kizaza. Yakomeje agira ati: “Uko umubare w’abaturage b’iki gihe gishya ukomeza kwiyongera, ibiribwa byoroheje bizagira igihe cy’iterambere ryihuse mu myaka 5 kugeza kuri 6.”
Indirimbo ishyushye
“Mu bihe byashize, noodles zikonjesha na noodles zikonjesha byazaga mu mutwe iyo havugwaga ibyoroshye n’ibiryo byihuse. Nyuma, ubwo noodles zakundaga gukundwa kuri interineti, zakunze kugurwa. Bishobora kuba biterwa no gushakisha kenshi. Urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti rwasabye ko habaho ibindi bicuruzwa by’ibiryo byihuse bitewe n’ibyo umuntu akunda. Nabonye ko hari ibirango byinshi bishya n’ibyiciro bitandukanye,” Madamu Meng yabwiye abanyamakuru.
Nkuko Madamu Meng yabivuze, mu myaka ya vuba aha, urwego rw’ibiribwa byoroshye n’ibyo kurya byihuse rwakomeje kwaguka, kandi abakinnyi benshi barimo kwitabira. Dukurikije imibare ya Tiannyancha, hari ibigo birenga 100.000 bikora mu "biryo byoroshye". Byongeye kandi, ukurikije uko bikoreshwa, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoroshye n’ibiryo byihuse nacyo kiragaragara. Dukurikije imibare ya Xingtu, mu gihe cya poromosiyo ya "6.18" yarangiye, kugurisha ibiryo byoroshye n’ibiryo byihuse kuri interineti byiyongereyeho 27.5% ugereranyije n’umwaka.
Iterambere ryihuse ry’ibyorohereza abantu kurya vuba riterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye. Xu Xiongjun, washinze Jiude Positioning Consulting Company, yizera ko “bitewe n’inyungu nk’ubukungu bwo kuguma mu rugo, ubukungu butishoboye n’ubukungu bumwe, ibyorohereza abantu kurya vuba byazamutse cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Muri icyo gihe, isosiyete ubwayo ikomeje gushyiraho ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi bihendutse, bituma inganda zorohereza abantu kurya vuba zigaragaza iterambere rikomeye.”
Liu Xingjian, umufatanyabikorwa washinze Daily Capital, yavuze ko iterambere ry’inganda riterwa n’impinduka mu gukenera no gutanga ibicuruzwa. Yagize ati: “Ingeso zo gukoresha ibicuruzwa zarahindutse mu myaka yashize. Gukenera ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byatumye habaho ibindi bicuruzwa bishya. Byongeye kandi, bifitanye isano no guteza imbere inganda no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga.”
Nyuma y’ubwiyongere bw’ibyifuzo by’abaguzi, uburyo bwo korohereza abaguzi no kurya vuba bwageze ku rwego rwa miliyari 100. Raporo ya CBNData ivuga ku "Kunogerwa no Gusobanukirwa Inganda z’Ibiryo byihuse mu 2021" yashyizwe ahagaragara na CBNData yagaragaje ko isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ryitezwe ko rizarenga miliyari 250 z’amayuan.
Muri urwo rwego, mu myaka ibiri ishize, hakomeje kuvugwa amakuru y’inkunga ku nzira nziza yo kurya vuba. Urugero, Bagou iherutse kurangiza gahunda ya Pre-A yo gutera inkunga ya miliyoni mirongo z’amayuan, naho Cooking Bags nayo irangiza gahunda ya Pre-A yo gutera inkunga ya miliyoni hafi 10 z’amayuan. Byongeye kandi, Akuan Foods irimo gushaka kujya ahagaragara nyuma yo kurangiza gahunda nyinshi zo gutera inkunga. Imaze kurangiza gahunda 5 zo gutera inkunga mu myaka itatu ishize HiPot itangiye, harimo Hillhouse Capital n’ibindi bigo bizwi by’ishoramari.
Liu Xingjian yagaragaje ko “ibicuruzwa bishya kandi bigezweho byabonye inkunga bifite inyungu zimwe na zimwe mu bijyanye n’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, ikoranabuhanga, no gusobanukirwa ababikoresha. Urugero, guhuza uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, kunoza umurongo w’ibiciro, no kunoza ubunararibonye bw’abaguzi binyuze mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, n’ibindi, ni ngombwa kandi gusobanukirwa ibyo ababikoresha bakeneye. Ishingiro ry’ibicuruzwa ni uguhora uvugurura ibicuruzwa hagamijwe koroshya, kuryoha, no kugabanya ikiguzi, kandi ibi bicuruzwa bikunze gukora neza mu bijyanye n’ibiciro bihindagurika byo kugurisha no kugura.”
Ibyiciro by'Isoko ry'Imikino
Umunyamakuru yashakishije ku mbuga zitandukanye z’ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki asanga ubu hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibiryo byoroshye kandi byihuse, harimo ibiryo bishyushya ubwabyo, amakaroni, igikoma, imikeke, pizza, nibindi, kandi ibyiciro bigaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo gutandukanya no kugabanya. Byongeye kandi, uburyohe bw’ibicuruzwa nabwo bukomeje kugabanywamo ibice, nka Liuzhou snail noodles, Guilin rice noodles, Nanchang mixed noodles, na Changsha lard vanilla noodles zatangijwe n’ikigo hakurikijwe imiterere yacyo.
Byongeye kandi, uru rwego rwanaguze kandi rugabanya uburyo bwo kurya ibiryo byoroshye kandi byihuse, ubu birimo uburyo bwo kurya nk'ibiryo by'umuntu umwe, ibiryo by'umuryango, uburyo bushya bwo kurya ibiryo byo mu ijoro, ahantu ho hanze, no gusangira amacumbi.
Muri urwo rwego, Liu Xingjian yavuze ko iyo inganda zigeze ku ntera runaka, ari itegeko ridashobora kwirindwa guhinduka kuva ku iterambere rinini kugera ku mikorere inoze. Ibigo bishya bigomba gushaka inzira zo gutandukanya amashami agabanyijemo ibice.
“Gutandukanya no gusubiramo ibikorwa by’inganda muri iki gihe ni ingaruka zo kuvugurura uruhande rw’abaguzi, bigatera udushya no kuvugurura uruhande rw’inganda. Mu gihe kizaza, uburyo bwo kugabanya ibiryo byose byo mu Bushinwa buzajya mu irushanwa ryimbitse kandi rijyanye n’ibyiciro byinshi, kandi imbaraga z’ibicuruzwa zizaba ikintu cy’ingenzi ku bigo byiyubakira inganda zabyo. Urufunguzo rw’imbogamizi.” Zhu Danpeng yagize ati.
Porofeseri Sun Baoguo, umuhanga mu by’ishuri ry’ubuhanga ry’Abashinwa, yigeze kugaragaza ko icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cy’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza ry’ibiryo byoroshye ndetse n’ibiryo by’Abashinwa ari amagambo ane, ari yo “uburyohe n’ubuzima”. Iterambere ry’inganda z’ibiribwa rigomba kuba rishingiye ku buryohe n’ubuzima.
Mu by’ukuri, guhindura ubuzima bw’ibiryo byoroshye kandi byihuse ni kimwe mu byerekezo byo kuvugurura no guhindura inganda mu myaka ya vuba aha, kandi amasosiyete menshi arimo guhinduka agana ku biribwa bizima binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga. Fata urugero rw’amakaroni ahita yihuta. Ubuzima bw’ubu bwoko bw’ibigo bugaragarira cyane cyane mu kugabanya amavuta no kongera imirire. Dukurikije itangiriro ry’umunyamakuru Jinmailang, ihaza ibyifuzo by’abaguzi mu “kugabanya amavuta, umunyu n’isukari” binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guteka rikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukaranga 0 n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha mu buryo bwa FD. Uretse amakani ahita yihuta, ibicuruzwa byinshi bishya n’ibirango byibanda ku buzima byagaragaye ku isoko ry’ibiryo byoroshye kandi byihuse, nko isupu y’inkoko ishaje yibanda ku mirire, amakani ashyushye ya konjac, amakani yo mu nyanja, nibindi; ibirango bigezweho byibanda ku buzima n’ibinini bike nka Super Zero, Orange Run, nibindi.
Ibicuruzwa bishya bivuze ko ibiciro byiyongera. Umuyobozi ushinzwe uruganda rutunganya ibiribwa i Henan yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: “Kugira ngo duteze imbere ibicuruzwa bishya bizima, uruganda rwacu rwubatse laboratwari y’imbere mu bicuruzwa byikoreye ndetse n’ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa byarangiye, nibindi, ariko ibi nabyo bituma ikiguzi cyiyongereye.” Cai Hongliang, washinze akaba na perezida w’ikirango cya Zihai pot, yigeze kubwira itangazamakuru ati: “Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha ibyuma byakonjesheje byongereye ibiciro bijyana nabyo inshuro enye.” Liu Xingjian yagize ati: “Mu gihe cyo kwishingikiriza ku kintu gikomeye kugira ngo twigarurire isi Mu bihe byashize, ibigo bigomba gukomeza kuvugurura imirongo y’ibicuruzwa, kugabanya ikiguzi, no guhaza ibyifuzo by’abaguzi, ibyo bikaba binagerageza ubushobozi bw’ibigo mu bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa.”
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko amasosiyete menshi yatangiye kunoza imiyoboro yayo yo gutanga ibicuruzwa. Nk’uko amakuru ya rubanda abivuga, Akuan Foods ifite ibibanza bitanu by’umusaruro kandi itanga serivisi za OEM ku bicuruzwa byinshi bizwi cyane. Zihi Pot yashoye imari mu nganda zirenga cumi n’ebyiri zo mu nganda, igamije kwitabira cyane ibiryo n’ibindi bikoresho no kugenzura imikorere y’ikiguzi.
Fang Ajian, washinze akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Bagou, yavuze ko nubwo uburyo bwo gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga ibyo kurya byatumye habaho uburyo bwo koroshya no gutanga ibiryo byihuse, kuri bimwe mu bicuruzwa, uburyo bwo gutanga ibiryo byihuse ntabwo bufite igisubizo cyateguwe mu bijyanye no kugarura uburyohe; byongeye kandi, hari inganda zo mu ntera zizamuka. Ikibazo cyo kwishingikiriza ku nzira y'igihe kirekire no kutagira ishyaka ryo kongera gukora bivuze ko kuvugurura uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bigomba kurangizwa n'uruhande rw'ababikeneye. Yagize ati: “Bagou ubu igenzura ihuriro ry'ingenzi ry'umusaruro kandi ikagabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro binyuze mu gukurikirana ikiguzi no guhindura mu buryo bwimbitse uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Binyuze mu bikorwa by'umwaka umwe, ikiguzi cyose cy'amasezerano y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa byose cyagabanutseho 45%.
Irushanwa hagati y'ibirango bishaje n'ibishya riri kwihuta
Umunyamakuru yabonye ko abakinnyi bari ku isoko ry’ibiribwa byihuse n’ibyoroshye bagabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ibirango bishya nka Lamenshuo, Kongke, na Bagou, n’ibirango gakondo nka Master Kong na Uni-President. Ibigo bitandukanye bifite ibyo bishyize imbere mu iterambere bitandukanye. Kuri ubu, uru rwego rwinjiye mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ry’amarushanwa mashya n’ashaje. Ibirango gakondo bikomeza kujyana n’icyerekezo binyuze mu gutangiza ibicuruzwa bishya, mu gihe ibirango bishya bikorana cyane mu byiciro bishya no kwamamaza ibikubiye mu bicuruzwa kugira ngo bifate inzira itandukanye.
Zhu Danpeng yizera ko abakora ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bafite umusaruro ushimishije, umusaruro ushimishije, n'imirongo y'umusaruro ikuze, nibindi, kandi ntibigoye guhanga udushya, kuvugurura no kongera umusaruro. Ku bigo bishya, biracyakenewe gukurikirana uruhererekane rwuzuye rw'ibicuruzwa, gushimangira ireme ry'ibicuruzwa, guhanga udushya mu buryo bugezweho, kuvugurura sisitemu ya serivisi, kunoza uburyo abakiriya bagumana, nibindi.
Ukurikije ibikorwa by’ibigo bisanzwe, ibigo nka Master Kong na Uni-President birimo kwerekeza ku rwego rwo hejuru. Mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka, Jinmailang yatangije ikirango cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru cya Ramen Fan; mbere yaho, Master Kong yatangije ibirango byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka "Suda Noodle House"; Uni-President yatangije urukurikirane rw’ibirango byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka "Man-Han Dinner" na "Kaixiaozao", anafungura iduka ry’ubucuruzi ry’ibanze.
Ukurikije ingamba nshya z’ibirango, Akuan Foods na Kongke barimo gufata inzira itandukanye. Urugero, Akuan Foods yafashe imiterere y’akarere maze itangiza ibintu bigera ku 100 nka Sichuan Noodles Series na Chongqing Small Noodles Series; Kongke na Ramen Said kugira ngo binjire mu gice cy’isoko ry’inyanja y’ubururu, icya mbere cyibanda ku makaroni, naho icya kabiri cyibanda ku ramen y’Abayapani. Ku bijyanye n’imiyoboro, bimwe mu bicuruzwa bishya byatangiye inzira yo guhuza kuri interineti no hanze yayo. Nk’uko bigaragara mu gitabo cya Akuan Foods, kuva mu 2019 kugeza 2021, inyungu ku bicuruzwa byayo kuri interineti izaba miliyoni 308 z’amayuani, miliyoni 661 z’amayuani na miliyoni 743 z’amayuani, bikiyongera uko umwaka utashye; umubare w’abacuruzi badafite interineti uriyongera, amazu 677, 810, 906. Byongeye kandi, nk’uko bivugwa na Fang Ajian, igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bya Bagou kuri interineti no hanze yayo ni 3:7, kandi izakomeza gukoresha imiyoboro idafite interineti nk’umwanya wayo mukuru wo kugurisha mu gihe kizaza.
Liu Xingjian yagize ati: “Muri iki gihe, inganda zikora ibiryo byihuse n’ibyo kurya bishya ziracyagabanywamo ibice, kandi ibirango bishya nabyo birimo gutera imbere hano. Uburyo bwo kubikoresha, gutandukanya amatsinda y’abaguzi, no gucikamo ibice biracyatanga amahirwe ku birango bishya kugira ngo bigaragare.”
Xu Xiongjun yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: “Byaba ari ikirango gishya cyangwa ikirango gakondo, icy’ingenzi ni ugukora akazi keza mu gushyiraho no guhanga udushya mu byiciro, no kwita ku byo abakiri bato bakunda gukoresha. Byongeye kandi, amazina meza y’ibirango n’amagambo meza ntashobora kwirengagizwa.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 15-2022