Nk'ubwoko bwa nodle, nodle nshya kandi zitose zifite imiterere y'ibara rishya kandi ryoroshye, uburyohe bworoshye, uburyohe bukomeye, uburyohe bukomeye, imirire n'ubuzima bwiza, ndetse no kurya byoroshye kandi bifite isuku. Ugereranyije na nodle zumye, nodle nshya kandi zitose zifite ibyiza byo kuba nshya, uburyohe bwiza, n'igiciro gito cyo kuzitunganya [1]. Abantu bahora bazikunda, kandi ubwoko bwazo burushaho kuba bwinshi. Ariko, igihe cyo kubungabunga uburyohe n'uburyohe bwa nodle nshya zitose muri rusange ni gito cyane. Uburyo bwo kunoza uburyohe bwa nodle nshya zitose udafite ingaruka ku gihe cyo kuzikoresha kiracyari ikibazo.
Ingaruka z'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ku buryo noodles nshya zitose zipfa gucibwa
Ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gutunganya noodles nshya zitose muri rusange rikubiyemo gutunganya mbere y’ibikomoka ku bimera bibisi n’ibikomoka ku bindi, kuvanga ifu, gusya ibimera bivanze, kongera ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe mu buryo buhoraho (gusya), gusya ibimera bihoraho, gukata ibice, kumisha umwuka, gusukura (nk’uburyo bwo gusukura ultraviolet), gupakira [2] n’izindi nzira.
1, Ingaruka z'uburyo bwo kuvanga noodles ku buryo noodles nshya n'izitose zipfa gukaraba
Kuvanga ifu ni ingenzi mu ikorwa rya noodles nshya zitose, kandi ibintu nk'uburyo, igihe n'umuvuduko wo kuvanga ifu bigena urwego rw'isukari [3]. Ubwiza bw'isukari bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'isukari ikurikiraho n'umusaruro wa nyuma [2]. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi ni imashini ivanga ifu.
Ifu ivangwa mu buryo bw'umwuka ni igikoresho cyo kuvanga ifu cyateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Kubera ko igitutu cy'ifu kiguma mu mashini ivangwa mu buryo bw'umwuka, ifu ishyuha ntiyemerwa. Muri icyo gihe, amazi y'umunyu asukwa mu buryo bw'igihu munsi y'igitutu kibi, kandi amazi y'umunyu n'ifu bivanze neza kandi bingana. Poroteyine iri mu ifu ishobora kwinjiza amazi yose mu gihe gito. Ingano y'amazi yongewemo ishobora kugera kuri 46% cyangwa irenga, igakora urusobe rwiza rwa gluten, bigatuma noodles zirushaho koroha [2].
Li Man n'abandi [4] bakoze igerageza ku kuvanga ifu, biga cyane cyane ingaruka z'ifu n'ubuso ku miterere y'umubiri n'iya chimique, imiterere mito n'imiterere y'ubushuhe bwa noodles nshya zitose. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko uko ifu y'ifu y'ifu igenda yiyongera, imiterere y'ifu ...
Byongeye kandi, ibyavuye mu gupima mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki byagaragaje ko vacuum na noodles byateye imiterere ihoraho kandi iciriritse ya noodles nshya zitose. Birumvikana ko ubushakashatsi bwabo bwerekana ko kuvanga vacuum byongera ubukana bwa noodles nshya zitose ku rugero runaka, bityo bikanongera uburyo bworoshye bwo gukaraba no guhekenya noodles nshya zitose.
Ingaruka z'amafilamenti atandukanye ku buryo noodles nshya zitose zipfa gucibwa
1. Ingaruka z'inyongera ku biribwa ku guhekenya kwa Noodles nshya zoroshye
Kuri ubu, inyongeramusaruro z'ibiribwa zakoreshejwe cyane mu rwego rw'ibiribwa, zifite uburyo bwinshi kandi butandukanye. Hari ibyiciro 23 by'inyongeramusaruro mu Bushinwa, kandi ubwoko bwazo bwageze ku birenga 2000, kandi ikoreshwa ryazo ryariyongereye uko umwaka utashye [6]. Inyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mu gutunganya noodles zirimo cyane cyane inyongeramusaruro za gluten n'itegurwa rya enzymes (nka α- Amylase), n'ibindi.
（1） Ingaruka z'umuti wongera imbaraga ku buryo noodles nshya zitose zicika intege
Ingufu y'ifu nshya itose igira ingaruka ku buryo itaziguye ku buryo ihekenya ku rugero runaka. Inyongerera-buzima ni ubwoko bw'inyongeramusaruro zishobora guhuzwa na poroteyine kugira ngo zirusheho gutunganya gluten no kubika umwuka. Kubwibyo, inyongerera-buzima ni ingirakamaro mu kunoza uburyo ihekenya bwa noodles nshya itose.
1. Ifu ya Gluten
Gluten y'ingano, izwi kandi nka gluten ikora, ni ifu ikomoka ku ngano binyuze mu kuyumisha, gusya no mu zindi nzira nyuma y'uko ifu ya gluten n'ibindi bintu bishongeshwa n'amazi bigejejweho amazi [7]. Ibice by'ingenzi bigize ifu ya gluten ni glutenin na gliadin, bifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi cyane, ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka n'ibindi bintu. Ni umuti mwiza wo kunoza ifu, ukoreshwa cyane mu gukora umugati, noodles n'ibindi bikomoka ku ifu.
Niu Qiaojuan n'abandi [8] basanze kongeramo gluteni 0.8% bishobora kongera cyane ubukana n'imiterere yo gukurura ya noodles, no kugabanya igihombo cyo guteka cya noodles. Wu Yang [9] yagereranyije ingaruka za gluteni, umunyu na xanthan gum ku bwiza bwo guteka no ku bwiza bw'ifarini nshya y'ingano itose hashingiwe ku kugena ingano n'umumero w'ingano mu ifarini nshya y'ingano itose.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Wu Yang bwagaragaje ko urusobe rwa gluten rwakozwe hagati ya gluten n'ifu y'ingano rushobora kunoza cyane uburyo ubuso bushya butose buhagaze. Iyo ingano yiyongereyeho gluten iri hagati ya 1.5% na 2.5%, ingano ya poroteyine n'isuzuma ry'amajwi ku buso bushya butose byarushijeho kuba byiza, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no guhekenya no guhindagurika.
Bityo rero, ifu ikwiye ya gluten ishobora kongera ubwiza bwa noodles nshya zitose ku rugero runaka, bityo noodles nshya zitose zigaragaza ko ziryoshye cyane.
2. Ifu yahinduwe mu myanda, sodium alginate
Ifu y'imyumbati yahinduwe ishobora kuboneka binyuze mu kuyihindura, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nk'iyongera imbaraga, igabanya ubushyuhe, igabanya amazi, igabanya ubushyuhe, n'ibindi mu nganda z'ibiribwa.
Alginate ya sodium ni polysaccharide ya anionic ikomoka kuri kelp cyangwa horsetail y'umukara w'ibimera. Molekile yayo igizwe na aside β-D-mannuronic (β-Dmannuronic, M) na aside α-L-Guluouronic (α-L-guluronic, G) ihuzwa no gukanda utubuto (1-4) [10]. Umuti w'amazi wa alginate ya sodium ufite ubukana bwinshi kandi ubu ukoreshwa nk'umuti ukomeza, utuma ibiryo bikomera, utera imbaraga, utera imbaraga, n'ibindi.
Mao Rujing [11] yafashe ifu nshya y’amazi nk’intego y’ubushakashatsi, kandi yize ingaruka z’ibintu bitatu bihindura ubuziranenge nka sitashi yahinduwe y’imyumbati, alginate ya sodiyumu na gluten ku miterere y’ifu nshya y’amazi. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko iyo ingano y’itashi yahinduwe y’imyumbati yari 0.5%, alginate ya sodiyumu yari 0.4% na gluten yari 4%, noodles nshya y’amazi yari ifite imiterere myiza. Umusaruro w’ingenzi ni uko uburyo bwo kwinjiza amazi y’itashi nshya y’amazi bwagabanutse, mu gihe ubukana, ubwiyongere n’ubushobozi bwo guhekenya byarushijeho kwiyongera.
Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ibinyabutabire bivanze byongera gluten (tapioca modified starch, sodium alginate na gluten) byongereye ubushobozi bwo guhekenya noodles nshya ku rugero runini.
(II) α- Ingaruka za Amylase ku buryo noodles nshya zitose zicika intege
hashingiwe kuri α- Imiterere ya amylase, Shi Yanpei n'abandi [12] biga ingaruka z'ingano zitandukanye za α- Ingaruka za amylase ku bwiza bwa noodles nshya zitose. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ko: α- Ubwiyongere bw'ingano ya amylase yongewemo, cyane cyane iyo α- Iyo ingano ya amylase yongewemo yari 150 mg / L, ubukana, uburyo bwo guhekenya n'ubundi buryo bw'imiterere ya noodles nshya zitose byarushijeho kwiyongera, byanagaragaje ko α- Amylase ifite akamaro ko kunoza uburyo noodles nshya zitose zitose zitose.
2, Ingaruka z'ifu y'ibishyimbo by'Abashinwa ku buryo Noodles nshya zitose zihekenya
Chestnut ifite imirimo myinshi mu buzima. Irimo aside irike idafite ibinure byinshi, ishobora kugenzura ibinure mu maraso. Ku bantu bafite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso n'indwara z'umutima, ni ibiryo byiza byo mu mubiri [13]. Nk'ifarini y'ingano ishobora gusimbura ifu y'ingano, ifu y'umushinwa wuzuye igizwe ahanini na karubohidrati zikomeye, zifite imiterere yo hasi ya glycemic, zidafite gluten, kandi zifite poroteyine nyinshi [14].
Kongera ingano ikwiye y'ifu y'umusemburo wuzuye mu buryo bwa noodles nshya zitose ntibishobora kongera amoko ya noodles nshya zitose gusa, ahubwo binanongera agaciro k'intungamubiri za noodles nshya zitose.
Li Yong n'abandi [15] bakoze ibizamini by'ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z'ifu y'umuhondo wuzuye ku bwiza bwa noodles nshya zitose. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ubukana, uburyohe n'uburyo noodles nshya zitose byabanje kwiyongera hanyuma bikagabanuka uko ifu yose ya noodles yiyongeraga, cyane cyane iyo ifu yose ya cherry yageze kuri 20%, imiterere yayo yageze ku rugero rwiza.
Byongeye kandi, Li Yong n'abandi [16] bakoze ubushakashatsi ku buryo ifu nshya n'itose zigogorwa mu buryo bwa vitro. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko: ingano y'ifu nshya n'ingano y'ifu nshya n'itose zigogorwa hamwe n'ifu yose y'ifu ya chestnut byagabanutse buhoro buhoro hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'ifu yose y'ifu ya chestnut. Kongeramo ifu yose y'ifu ya chestnut bishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y'ifu n'igipimo cy'isukari (GI) by'ifu nshya n'itose. Iyo kongeramo ifu yose y'ifu ya chestnut birengeje 20%, bishobora guhindura ifu nshya y'ingano itose kuva ku biribwa byinshi bya EGI (EGI>75) kugera ku biribwa biciriritse bya EGI (55).
Muri rusange, ingano ikwiye y'ifu y'ibishyimbo by'umuhondo ishobora kongera uburyohe bwa noodles mbisi kandi ikagabanya uburyo ibishyimbo bigogorwa n'igipimo cy'isukari ya noodles mbisi.
3, Ingaruka z'ifu ku buryo ifu ihekenya noodles nshya
（1） Ingaruka z'ingano y'uduce tw'ifu ku buryo ifu nshya itose ishobora guhekenywa
Ifu y'ingano ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ifu nshya itose. Ifu y'ingano ifite ubuziranenge butandukanye n'ingano zitandukanye z'uduce (izwi kandi nk'ifu) irashobora kuboneka binyuze mu gusukura, kuhira, gutosesha (gukuramo ingano zisya), gusya no gupima (gukuramo, gukata igice cy'imbere, gusya n'imirizo), kuvanga ifu, gupfunyika n'izindi nzira, ariko inzira yo gusya izangiza imiterere y'uduce tw'ifu [18].
Ingano y'ifu y'ingano ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ifu nshya itose, kandi ingano y'ifu iterwa n'uburyo itunganywa neza.
Qi Jing n'abandi [19] biga kandi basuzuma imiterere, imiterere y'amatwi, imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti by'ifu nshya itose ikozwe mu ifu ifite ingano zitandukanye z'utunyangingo. Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi ku miterere yayo bigaragaza ko ubukana, ubwiyongere, guhuza, guhekenya no kwihanganira ifu nshya itose byariyongereye cyane bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ingano y'utunyangingo tw'ifu, cyane cyane imiterere y'ifu nshya itose ikozwe mu ifu iri hagati ya meshes 160 ~ 180 igera ku rwego rwiza.
Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko ingano y'ifu y'ingano yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'imitobe mishya, byanagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo imitobe mishya itose igenda ihekenya.
（2） Ingaruka z'ifu yumye ishyushye ku buryo ifu nshya n'itose ihekenya
Gutunganya neza ubushyuhe bwumye bw'ifu ntibishobora kugabanya gusa ubushuhe bw'ifu, kwica udukoko n'amagi mu ifu, ahubwo binatuma imisemburo mu ifu idakora [20]. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ifu ni poroteyine ya gluten na molekile za sitashi mu ifu. Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwumye bizahindura polimere ya gluten, bityo bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'ifu [21].
Wang Zhizhong [22] yize kandi agerageza noodles nshya n'izitose zakozwe mu ifu yumye kandi ishyushye. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ifu yumye kandi ishyushye ishobora kongera ubukana no guhekenya noodles nshya n'izitose, kandi ikagabanya gato ubukana no kwihangana kwa noodles nshya n'izitose. Ubukana bwayo no guhekenya byageze ku bushyuhe bwinshi kuri 120 ℃, kandi igihe cyiza cyo kuvura ubukana cyari iminota 60, Igihe cyiza cyo kuvura ubukana ni iminota 30. Ibi byagaragaje ko uburyo bwo guhekenya noodles nshya n'izitose bwazamuwe n'ifu yumye ku rugero runaka.
4, Ingaruka za yawurute ku kuntu noodles nshya zitose zishobora guhekenywa
Yawurute ni ubwoko bw'ibikomoka kuri foromaje bivangwa no guhinga bagiteri zikomoka kuri aside lactic. Ifite uburyohe bwiza, intungamubiri nyinshi, igogora no kwinjiza byoroshye, kandi ishobora kunoza imboga zo mu mara no kugenzura imikorere y'igifu [23].
Yawurute ntikomeza gusa kubika intungamubiri zose karemano z’amata mashya, ahubwo inashobora gukora vitamine zitandukanye zikenewe mu mirire y’abantu mu gihe cyo guhinga, nka vitamine B1, vitamine B2 na vitamine B6. Bitewe no guhinga kwa bagiteri za aside lactic, nubwo yongera intungamubiri, inakora ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikora ku mubiri, bishobora kugenga imikorere y’umubiri cyane [24].
Li Zhen n'abandi [25] bakoze ubushakashatsi ku buryo bushya ku ikoreshwa rya yawurute mu ma noodles mashya, kandi bakora isesengura ry'imiterere ya noodles mashya zongewemo yawurute. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko uko ingano ya yawurute yongewemo yiyongera, ubukana n'ubukonje bwa noodles mashya zongewemo byagendaga byiyongera buhoro buhoro, mu gihe ubukana, ubukonje n'ubudahangarwa byagabanukaga buhoro buhoro. Ubukana n'ubukonje bwa noodles bifitanye isano ryiza n'uburyohe bwa noodles. noodles zifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukata ziba zikomeye kandi zoroshye [26].
Basesenguye ko impinduka zishobora guterwa n'impamvu ebyiri zikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, uko igipimo cya yawurute cyiyongera, ingano y'amazi yongerwa kuri noodles nshya itose igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi amazi make atuma ifu ikomera, bityo ubukana bwa noodles nshya itose burushaho kwiyongera;
Icya kabiri, ubushyuhe bwa noodles nshya zitose bugaragaza uburyo ubuso bwa noodles nshya zitose bumeze neza. Uko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwinshi, ni ko uduce twinshi tw’ibinyampeke dufata ku buso bwa noodles nshya zitose, kandi ni ko ibintu byinshi byinjira mu isupu mu gihe cyo guteka.
Ubushyuhe bwa noodles nshya zagabanutse cyane nyuma yo kongeramo yawurute, bigaragaza ko kongeramo yawurute bishobora kongera uburyohe bwa noodles nshya zatose no kugabanya ibintu byinjiraga mu isupu mu gihe cyo guteka, ibi bikaba byarahuye n'ingaruka za yogurt zagabanyije igipimo cyo gutakaza igipimo cyo guteka kwa noodles nshya zatose;
Poroteyine iri muri yawurute yongera poroteyine iri mu ifu, kandi ibinure biri muri yawurute byongera imbaraga za noodles nshya, bityo bikanoza imikorere ya noodles nshya kandi bikanoza uburyohe bwa noodles nshya [25]. Kubwibyo, yawurute yongereye uburyohe bwa noodles nshya ku rugero runaka, bituma abantu bagira uburyohe bwiza bwa noodles nshya.
Kubera ko noodles nshya zitose zirushaho gukundwa n'abaguzi, abantu barushaho kwita ku buryohe bwa noodles nshya zitose. Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekana ko hakiri inenge zimwe na zimwe mu bwiza bwa noodles nshya zitose, cyane cyane mu kunoza uburyohe bwa noodles nshya zitose. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza uburyohe, uburyohe n'imirire bya noodles nshya zitose uhereye ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya no kunoza formula ni cyo cyerekezo cy'ubushakashatsi burambuye mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2022