Nkubwoko bwa noode, isafuriya nshya kandi itose bifite ibiranga ibara ryiza kandi ryiza, uburyohe bworoshye, elastique, uburyohe bukomeye, imirire nubuzima, no kurya byoroshye kandi bifite isuku.Ugereranije noode yumye, isafuriya nshya kandi itose bifite ibyiza byo gushya, uburyohe bwiza, nigiciro gito cyo gukora [1].Batoneshejwe nabantu igihe cyose, kandi ubwoko bwabo nibwinshi.Nyamara, igihe cyo kubungabunga uburyohe nuburyohe bwa gakondo nziza itose ni mugufi cyane.Nigute ushobora kunonosora ubunyobwa bushya butose bitagize ingaruka kubuzima buracyari ikibazo.
Ingaruka zo Gutunganya Ikoranabuhanga kuri Masticability ya Noodles nziza
Ubuhanga gakondo bwo gutunganya isafuriya itose muri rusange harimo kwifashisha ibikoresho bibisi nubufasha, kuvanga ifu, guhuza kalendari, guhorana ubushyuhe hamwe nubushuhe bushya (kwera), guhora kwa kalendari, guca imirongo, kumisha umuyaga, sterilisation (nka ultraviolet sterilisation), gupakira 2] hamwe nizindi nzira.
1 、 Ingaruka Yuburyo bwo Kuvanga Amavuta kuri Mastabilite ya Node nziza kandi itose
Kuvanga isafuriya ni ingingo y'ingenzi mu buryo bwo kubyara isafuriya itose, kandi ibintu nk'uburyo, igihe n'umuvuduko wo kuvanga ifu bigena urugero rwo gukwirakwiza ifu [3].Ubwiza bwibikorwa byo kuvanga ifu bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye ubwiza bwibikorwa byakurikiyeho nibicuruzwa byanyuma [2].Ibikoresho nyamukuru ni imashini ivanga ifu.
Kuvanga ifu ya vacuum nibikoresho bigezweho bivanga ifu mumyaka yashize.Kuberako umuvuduko wa vacuum ukomeza kuvangwa nifu, birinda gushyushya ifu.Muri icyo gihe, amazi yumunyu aterwa muburyo bwigicu munsi yumuvuduko mubi, kandi amazi yumunyu nifu byuzuye kandi biringaniye.Poroteyine mu ifu irashobora gukuramo amazi mu gihe gito.Umubare w'amazi wongeyeho urashobora kugera kuri 46% cyangwa arenga, ugakora urusobe rwiza rwa gluten, bigatuma noode irushaho kuba nziza [2].
Li Man n'abandi.[4] yakoze ubushakashatsi ku kuvanga vacuum, cyane cyane yiga ku ngaruka za vacuum nubuso ku miterere yumubiri na chimique, microstructure hamwe nubushuhe bwa noode nziza.Ibisubizo byerekanye ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwa vacuum, imiterere yimiterere ya noode nshya yatose yarushijeho kunozwa (P> 0.05), ariko mugihe icyuho cyari 0.08 MPa, imiterere yimiterere ya noode nshya yatose yari mibi.Iyo icyuho cyari 0.06 MPa, isafuriya itose yerekana neza imiterere yimiterere.
Byongeye kandi, ibisubizo byo gusikana microscopi ya electron yerekanaga ko vacuum na noode byatumaga imiterere ikomeza kandi yoroheje yubushyuhe bushya.Ikigaragara ni uko ubushakashatsi bwabo bwerekana ko kuvanga vacuum byongera ubukana bwikariso itose ku rugero runaka, bityo bikazamura ubworoherane no guhekenya noode nziza.
Ingaruka za formula zitandukanye kuri Masticability ya Noodle nziza
1 、 Ingaruka yinyongeramusaruro yibiribwa kuri Chewability ya Node nziza
Kugeza ubu, inyongeramusaruro zagiye zikoreshwa cyane mu biribwa, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye kandi butandukanye.Mu Bushinwa hari ibyiciro 23 by’inyongeramusaruro, kandi ubwoko bwageze ku barenga 2000, kandi imikoreshereze yiyongereye uko umwaka utashye [6].Inyongeramusaruro zigira uruhare mu gutunganya noode zirimo cyane cyane gluten yongerera imbaraga no gutegura enzyme (nka α- Amylase), nibindi.
（1） Ingaruka zo gushimangira abakozi kuri Masticability ya Noodles nziza
Imbaraga zumusemburo mushya utose bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye.Kwiyongera kwa gluten nubwoko bwinyongera bwibiryo bushobora guhuzwa na poroteyine kugirango tunoze imikorere ya gluten no kubika gaze.Kubwibyo, gluten yongerera imbaraga akamaro ko kunoza ubunyobwa bwamazi meza.
1. Ifu ya gluten
Gluten y'ingano, izwi kandi nka gluten ikora, ni igicuruzwa cy'ifu kiboneka mu ngano mu kumisha, kumenagura n'ibindi bikorwa nyuma ya krahisi n'ibindi bintu byashonga amazi byogejwe n'amazi [7].Ibice byingenzi bigize ifu ya gluten ni glutenin na gliadine, bifite amazi akomeye, viscoelasticité, kwaguka nibindi biranga.Ni ifu nziza cyane, ikoreshwa cyane mugukora imigati, isafuriya nibindi bicuruzwa byifu.
Niu Qiaojuan n'abandi.[8] yasanze kongeramo gluten 0.8% bishobora guteza imbere cyane ubukana bwimiterere ya noode, kandi bikagabanya igihombo cyo guteka.Wu Yang [9] yagereranije ingaruka za gluten, umunyu na xanthan gum kumiterere yo guteka hamwe nubwiza bwubwiza bwifu yuzuye ingano yuzuye ingano hashingiwe ku kumenya igipimo cya bran ingano na mikorobe y'ingano mu ifu yuzuye ingano yuzuye ingano.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Wu Yang bwerekanye ko umuyoboro wa gluten ukorwa hagati ya gluten nifu y ingano bishobora kuzamura cyane ubutumburuke bwubutaka bushya.Iyo gluten yiyongereyeho 1.5% ~ 2,5%, ibirimo poroteyine hamwe nisuzuma ryibyumviro byubuso bushya byahinduwe neza cyane cyane mubijyanye no guhekenya no gukomera.
Kubwibyo, ingano yifu ya gluten irashobora kuzamura ubwiza bwikariso itose ku rugero runaka, kugirango isafuriya itose yerekana neza.
2. Imyumbati yahinduwe ibinyamisogwe, sodium alginate
Imyumbati yahinduwe yimyumbati irashobora kuboneka binyuze muguhindura, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibyimbye, stabilisateur, ibikoresho bigumana amazi, umukozi wagura, nibindi mubikorwa byinganda.
Sodium alginate ni anionic polysaccharide yakuwe muri kelp cyangwa ifarashi ya algae yijimye.Molekile yayo igizwe na β- D-mannuronic aside （β- Dmannuronic, M) na α- L-Guluouronic aside （α- L-guluronic, G) ihujwe no gukanda urufunguzo (1-4) [10].Umuti wamazi wa sodium alginate ufite ubukonje bwinshi kandi ubu ukoreshwa nkibyimbye, stabilisateur, emulisiferi, nibindi byokurya.
Mao Rujing [11] yafashe ifu itose nk'ikintu cy’ubushakashatsi, kandi yiga ku ngaruka zahinduwe mu buryo butatu nk'imyumbati yahinduwe imyumbati, sodium alginate na gluten ku miterere y'ifu nshya itose.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko mugihe ibikubiye mu myumbati yahinduwe yimyumbati yari 0.5%, sodium alginate yari 0.4% na gluten yari 4%, isafuriya nshya itose yari ifite ubuziranenge bwiza.Imikorere nyamukuru ni uko kwinjiza amazi ya noode nshya yatose byagabanutse, mugihe ubukana, ubworoherane hamwe no guhekenya byariyongereye.
Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ibyuma byongera gluten (tapioca yahinduwe na krahisi, sodium alginate na gluten) byateje imbere guhekenya noode nziza cyane.
(II) α- Ingaruka za Amylase kuri Masticability ya Noodles nziza
gushingira kuri α- Imiterere ya amylase, Shi Yanpei n'abandi.[12] yize ku ngaruka ziterwa na α- Ingaruka ya amylase ku bwiza bwa noode nziza.Ibisubizo byerekana: yerekanye ko α- Amylase ari ingirakamaro mu kunonosora ubunyobwa bushya butose.
2 、 Ingaruka z'ifu ya Chestnut yo mu Bushinwa kuri Chewability ya Node nziza
Chestnut ifite ibikorwa byinshi byubuzima.Ifite aside irike idahagije, ishobora kugenga lipide yamaraso.Ku bantu bafite hypertension n'indwara z'umutima, ni ibiryo byiza bya tonic [13].Nkishobora gusimbuza ifu y ingano, ifu yigituba yubushinwa igizwe ahanini na karubone nziza, ifite ibiranga indangagaciro ya glycemique nkeya, gluten idafite, proteine nyinshi [14].
Ongeramo ingano yifu yifu yigituba muri formula yubushuhe bushya ntibishobora gukungahaza gusa ubwoko bwamavuta meza, ariko kandi byongera agaciro kintungamubiri za noode nziza.
Li Yong n'abandi.[15] yakoze ibizamini byubushakashatsi ku ngaruka zifu yifu yigituba ku bwiza bwamazi meza.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ubukana, guhekenya no gufatira noode nziza itose byiyongereye mbere hanyuma bikagabanuka hiyongereyeho ifu yigituba cyuzuye, cyane cyane iyo ifu yifu yigituba igeze kuri 20%, imiterere yimiterere yayo yageze kumurongo mwiza.
Byongeye kandi, Li Yong n'abandi.[16] yakoze ubushakashatsi kuri vitro starch igogora yifu yigituba gishya kandi gitose.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko: ibirimo ibinyamisogwe byose hamwe nibiryo byigifu birimo ifu yigituba gishya kandi gitose hiyongereyeho ifu yigituba yagabanutse buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera kwifu yifu yigituba.Kwongeramo ifu yigituba cyose birashobora kugabanya cyane igogorwa ryibiryo hamwe nisukari (GI) yifu yigituba gishya kandi gitose.Iyo hiyongereyeho ifu yigituba irenze 20%, Irashobora guhindura ifu yingano itose ivuye mubiribwa bya EGI (EGI> 75) ikabigaburira ibiryo bya EGI (55)
Muri rusange, ingano ikwiye yifu yifu yigituba irashobora kunonosora ubunyobwa bushya butose kandi bikagabanya igogorwa ryibiryo hamwe nisukari yibisukari bishya.
3 Effect Ingaruka z'ifu kuri Chewability ya Node nziza
（1） Ingaruka yubunini bwifu yifu kuri chewability yifu itose
Ifu y'ingano ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora ifu itose.Ifu y'ingano ifite ubunini butandukanye hamwe n'ubunini buke (bizwi kandi nk'ifu) irashobora kuboneka hifashishijwe isuku, kuvomera, kuvomera (kubona ingano zasya), gusya no gusuzuma (gukuramo, intoki, ibishishwa n'umurizo), kuvanga ifu, gupakira no izindi nzira, ariko gusya bizatera kwangirika kwimiterere ya krahisi [18].
Ingano yifu yifu nimwe mubintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yifu yifu itose, kandi ingano yifu iterwa nuburyo butunganijwe neza.
Qi Jing n'abandi.[19] Yize kandi agerageza imiterere, ibyiyumvo, umubiri na chimique yifu mishya itose ikozwe mu ifu ifite ubunini butandukanye.Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku miterere yabyo byerekana ko ubukana, ubworoherane, guhuriza hamwe, guhekenya no kwihanganira ifu nshya yatose byiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara hiyongereyeho ingano y’ifu y’ifu, cyane cyane imiterere yimiterere yifu yuzuye itose ikozwe mu ifu hagati ya 160 ~ Meshes 180 igera ku byiza.
Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ingano yifu yifu yingano yagize uruhare runini mubiranga imiterere yuburo bushya butose, nabwo bwagize ingaruka cyane ku guhekenya amavuta meza.
（2） Ingaruka yubushyuhe bwumye buvuwe kumashanyarazi yifu kandi itose
Kuvura neza ifu yumye ntishobora kugabanya gusa ubuhehere buri mu ifu, kwica mikorobe n’amagi mu ifu, ariko kandi ntibishobora no gukora imisemburo mu ifu [20].Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka kumiterere yo gutunganya ifu ni gluten proteyine na molekile ya krahisi mu ifu.Kuvura ubushyuhe bwumye bizahindura gluten, bityo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiranga ifu [21].
Wang Zhizhong [22] yize kandi agerageza isafuriya nshya kandi itose ikozwe mu ifu yumye n'ubushyuhe.Ibisubizo byerekanye ko mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ifu yumye nubushyuhe ishobora rwose kunoza ubukana no guhekenya isafuriya nshya kandi itose, kandi bikagabanya gato ubworoherane nubushobozi bwamavuta meza kandi atose.Gukomera kwayo no guhekenya byageze kuri 120 ℃, kandi igihe cyiza cyo kuvura ubushyuhe bwo gukomera cyari iminota 60, Igihe cyiza cyo kuvura ubushyuhe bwo kwikinisha ni 30 min.Ibi byerekanaga ko guhekenya ifu nshya kandi itose byatejwe imbere nifu yumuti wumye ku rugero runaka.
4 Effect Ingaruka ya Yogurt kuri Chewability ya Noodles nziza
Yogurt ni ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bivangwa na fermentation no guhinga bagiteri yihariye ya acide lactique.Ifite uburyohe bwiza, agaciro kintungamubiri nyinshi, igogorwa ryoroshye no kuyakira, kandi irashobora kunoza ibimera byo munda no kugenzura imikorere ya gastrointestinal [23].
Yogurt ntigumana gusa intungamubiri zose z’amata mashya, ariko kandi irashobora gukora vitamine zitandukanye zikenewe mu mirire y’abantu mu gihe cya fermentation, nka vitamine B1, vitamine B2 na vitamine B6.Bitewe na fermentation ya bagiteri ya acide lactique, mugihe itezimbere intungamubiri, itanga kandi ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifatika bifatika, bishobora kugenzura imikorere yumubiri [24].
Li Zhen n'abandi.[25] mu buryo bushya yize uburyo bwo gukoresha yogurt muri salo nshya itose, kandi akora isesengura ryimiterere kuri noode nshya yongewemo na yogurt.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko hamwe no kwiyongera kwa yogurt yongeweho, ubukana hamwe no guhekenya isafuriya nshya itose byiyongereye buhoro buhoro, mugihe ubwiza, ubworoherane no kwihangana byagabanutse buhoro buhoro.Gukomera no guhekenya isafuriya bifitanye isano neza nuburyohe bwa noode.Isafuriya ifite imbaraga nini zo kogosha zirakomeye kandi zoroshye [26].
Basesenguye ko impinduka zishobora guterwa n'impamvu ebyiri zikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, hamwe no kwiyongera kwurugero rwa yogurt, ubwinshi bwamazi yongewe kumasoko mashya atose bigenda bigabanuka gahoro gahoro, kandi amazi make azatera ifu gukomera, bityo ubukana bwamavuta meza atose ariyongera;
Icya kabiri, ubwiza bwikariso nshya itose byerekana ubworoherane bwubuso bwamazi meza.Nubunini bwinshi, niko uduce twinshi twa krahisi twometse hejuru yubushuhe bushya butose, nibintu byinshi byinjira mumasupu mugihe cyo guteka.
Ubukonje bwamazi meza yatose bwaragabanutse cyane nyuma yo kongeramo yogurt, byerekana ko kongeramo yogurt bishobora kongera ubuso bwubushuhe bwamazi meza kandi bikagabanya ibintu byinjiye mumasupu mugihe cyo guteka, ibyo bikaba byari bihuye nibisubizo ko yogurt yagabanije gutakaza guteka igipimo cy'isafuriya itose;
Poroteyine yo muri yogurt yongerera poroteyine mu ifu, kandi ibinure biri muri yogurt bizamura neza imbaraga za noode nziza, bityo bikazamura imikorere yo gutunganya imashini ikora neza kandi ikanonosora uburyohe bwamavuta meza [25].Kubwibyo, yogurt yateje imbere guhekenya isafuriya itose ku rugero runaka, bituma abantu barya uburyohe bwamazi meza.
Nkuko isafuriya itose ikunzwe cyane kandi ikundwa nabaguzi, abantu nabo barushaho kwita kuburyohe bwamazi meza.Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko hakiri ibitagenda neza mu bwiza bw’isafuriya itose, cyane cyane mu kunoza ubwonko bw’amazi meza.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kunoza chewiness, uburyohe nagaciro kintungamubiri zumusemburo mushya uturutse mubice byubuhanga bwo gutunganya no kunoza amata biracyari icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi buzaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2022