Nyuma y’igeragezwa ry’indwara y’ingurube zo muri Afurika n’icyorezo cy’inzige zo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, icyorezo gishya cya pneumonia kirimo kongera ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku isi n’ikibazo cy’ibyokurya, kandi gishobora guteza impinduka zirambye mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.
Ubwiyongere bw'icyorezo cy'abakozi baterwa n'indwara nshya ya pneumonia, guhagarika uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'ingamba zo guhagarika ubukungu bizagira ingaruka mbi ku itangwa ry'ibiribwa ku isi. Ibikorwa bya za guverinoma zimwe na zimwe byo kubuza kohereza ibinyampeke mu mahanga kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo abantu bakeneye mu gihugu bishobora gutuma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.
Mu nama yabereye kuri interineti yateguwe n'ishyirahamwe ryita ku iterambere ry’ubukungu (CCG), Matthew Kovac, umuyobozi mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’ibiribwa muri Aziya (FIA), yabwiye umunyamakuru wo mu Bushinwa Business News ko ikibazo cy’igihe gito cy’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ari ingeso yo kugura ibicuruzwa. Impinduka zagize ingaruka ku nganda zisanzwe zitunganya ibiryo; amaherezo, amasosiyete manini y’ibiribwa ashobora gukora umusaruro mu buryo butaziguye.
Ibihugu bikennye cyane ni byo bibasiwe cyane
Amakuru aherutse gusohoka na Banki y'Isi agaragaza ko ibihugu 50 byibasiwe cyane n'icyorezo gishya cya crown pneumonia bingana na 66% by'ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi. Umugabane uri hagati ya 38% n'ibihingwa byo kwishimisha nk'itabi na 75% by'amavuta y'inyamaswa n'imboga, imbuto nshya n'inyama. Kohereza mu mahanga ibiryo by'ibanze nk'ibigori, ingano n'umuceri nabyo bishingiye cyane kuri ibi bihugu.
Ibihugu bihinga ibihingwa byinshi ku isi nabyo bihura n’ingaruka zikomeye z’icyorezo. Urugero, Ububiligi ni kimwe mu bihugu byohereza ibirayi byinshi ku isi. Kubera ihagarikwa ry’ibicuruzwa, Ububiligi ntibwatakaje gusa ibicuruzwa byabwo bitewe n’ifungwa ry’amaresitora yo mu gihugu, ahubwo no kugurisha ibindi bihugu by’i Burayi nabyo byarahagaritswe kubera ihagarikwa ry’ibicuruzwa. Ghana ni imwe mu bihugu byohereza kakao byinshi ku isi. Igihe abantu bibandaga ku kugura ibikenewe aho kugura shokora mu gihe cy’icyorezo, igihugu cyatakaje amasoko yose y’i Burayi na Aziya.
Muri raporo, umuhanga mu by’ubukungu wa Banki y’Isi, Michele Ruta n’abandi bavuze ko niba indwara z’abakozi n’ubukene mu gihe cyo kwitandukanya n’abandi bizagira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi bisaba abakozi benshi, icyo gihe nyuma y’icyorezo. Muri iki gihembwe, ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi bishobora kugabanukaho 6% bikagera kuri 20%, kandi ibiribwa byinshi by’ingenzi byoherezwa mu mahanga, birimo umuceri, ingano n’ibirayi, bishobora kugabanukaho ibirenga 15%.
Dukurikije igenzura ryakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EUI), Global Trade Alert (GTA) na Banki y’Isi, kugeza mu mpera za Mata, ibihugu birenga 20 n’uturere byashyizeho uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kubuza kohereza ibiribwa mu mahanga. Urugero, Uburusiya na Kazakisitani byashyizeho amategeko agenga kohereza ibinyampeke mu mahanga, naho Ubuhinde na Vietnam byashyizeho amategeko agenga kohereza umuceri mu mahanga. Muri icyo gihe, hari ibihugu birimo kwihutisha ibicuruzwa bitumiza mu mahanga kugira ngo bibike ibiribwa. Urugero, Filipine irimo kubika umuceri naho Misiri irimo kubika ingano.
Uko ibiciro by'ibiribwa bizamuka bitewe n'ingaruka z'icyorezo gishya cya crown pneumonia, guverinoma ishobora kuba ifite intego yo gukoresha politiki z'ubucuruzi kugira ngo ibiciro by'imbere mu gihugu birusheho kugabanuka. Ubu buryo bwo kurengera ibiribwa busa nkaho ari uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ubufasha ku matsinda y'abatishoboye cyane, ariko gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba nk'izo na za guverinoma nyinshi icyarimwe bishobora gutuma ibiciro by'ibiribwa ku isi bizamuka cyane, nk'uko byagenze mu 2010-2011. Nk'uko Banki y'Isi yabitangaje, mu gihembwe cyakurikiyeho icyorezo cyose cyatangiye, kwiyongera kw'inzitizi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bizatuma ibiribwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigabanukaho 40.1%, mu gihe ibiciro by'ibiribwa ku isi bizazamukaho impuzandengo ya 12.9%. Ibiciro by'amafi, ingano, imboga n'ingano bizazamukaho 25% cyangwa birenga.
Izi ngaruka mbi zizaba ziterwa ahanini n’ibihugu bikennye cyane. Dukurikije imibare y’Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi, mu bihugu bikennye cyane, ibiribwa bigira 40%-60% by’ibyo bikoresha, bingana n’inshuro 5-6 z’ubukungu buteye imbere. Ikigo cy’Ubucuruzi cya Nomura Securities gishyira ibihugu 110 n’uturere bitewe n’ingaruka z’ihindagurika rikomeye ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa. Amakuru aheruka agaragaza ko hafi ibihugu byose 50 n’uturere bibangamiwe cyane n’izamuka rirambye ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa. Ubukungu burimo gutera imbere bugizwe hafi na bitatu bya gatanu by’abatuye isi. Muri byo, ibihugu byibasiwe cyane n’ibiribwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birimo Tajikistan, Azerubayijani, Misiri, Yemeni na Cuba. Igiciro cy’ibiribwa muri ibi bihugu kizazamukaho 15% kigere kuri 25.9%. Ku bijyanye n’ibinyampeke, igipimo cyo kwiyongera kw’ibiciro mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere n’ibikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bishingiye ku biribwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kizaba kiri hejuru ya 35.7%.
“Hari ibintu byinshi biteza imbogamizi ku buryo bw’ibiribwa ku isi. Uretse icyorezo kirimo, hari n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’izindi mpamvu. Ndatekereza ko ari ngombwa gukoresha politiki zitandukanye mu guhangana n’iki kibazo.” Umuyobozi w’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Mirire, Johan Swinnen, yabwiye abanyamakuru ba CBN ko ari ingenzi cyane kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku isoko rimwe ry’ibiribwa. “Ibi bivuze ko iyo ubonye igice kinini cy’ibiribwa by’ibanze mu gihugu kimwe gusa, uru ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa n’ibitangwa bishobora guhura n’ibibazo. Kubwibyo, ni ingamba nziza yo kubaka ishoramari kugira ngo ushake ahantu hatandukanye. “Yabivuze.”
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye
Muri Mata, amabagiro menshi muri Amerika aho abakozi bemeje ko banduye byabaye ngombwa ko afungwa. Uretse ingaruka zitaziguye zo kugabanuka kwa 25% by'ingurube, byanateje ingaruka zitaziguye nko guhangayikishwa no gukenera ibiryo by'ibigori. Raporo iheruka yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi ya Amerika ivuga ko ingano y'ibiryo byakoreshejwe mu mwaka wa 2019-2020 ishobora kuba ingana na 46% by'ibiryo by'ibigori byo mu gihugu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
“Gufungwa k’uruganda byatewe n’icyorezo gishya cya crown pneumonia ni ikibazo gikomeye. Iyo rufunzwe mu minsi mike gusa, uruganda rushobora kugenzura igihombo cyarwo. Ariko, guhagarika umusaruro igihe kirekire ntibituma abatunganya poroteyine badakora gusa, ahubwo binatuma ababicuruza bagwa mu kajagari.” Ibi byavuzwe na Christine McCracken, umusesenguzi mukuru mu nganda za poroteyine z’amatungo za Rabobank.
Icyorezo gitunguranye cya pneumonia nshya y’umusonga cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku ruhererekane rw’ibiribwa ku isi. Kuva ku mikorere y’inganda z’inyama muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kugeza ku gusarura imbuto n’imboga mu Buhinde, amabwiriza yo kunyura mu ngendo zambukiranya imipaka yanabangamiye urwego rusanzwe rw’umusaruro w’igihembwe cy’ubuhinzi bw’abahinzi. Nk’uko The Economist ibitangaza, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’Uburayi bikeneye abakozi barenga miliyoni imwe b’abimukira baturutse muri Megizike, Afurika y’Amajyaruguru n’Uburayi bw’Iburasirazuba buri mwaka kugira ngo bashobore gukemura ikibazo cy’umusaruro, ariko ubu ikibazo cy’ibura ry’abakozi kirimo kugaragara cyane.
Uko bigenda bigorana ko umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ujyanwa mu nganda zitunganya no ku masoko, umubare munini w’abahinzi bagomba kujugunya cyangwa kwangiza amata n’ibiribwa bishya bidashobora koherezwa mu nganda zitunganya. Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubucuruzi bw’Ibicuruzwa by’Ubuhinzi (PMA), itsinda ry’abacuruzi b’inganda muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ryavuze ko imbuto n’imboga bishya birenga miliyari 5 z’amadolari byapfushijwe ubusa, kandi zimwe mu nganda zikora amata zajugunye amata ibihumbi byinshi.
Imwe mu sosiyete nini ku isi ikora ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, visi perezida mukuru wa Unilever ushinzwe ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, Carla Hilhorst, yabwiye abanyamakuru ba CBN ko urusobe rw'ibicuruzwa rugomba kugaragaza ubwinshi bwinshi.
“Tuzagomba guteza imbere ubwinshi n’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa, kuko ubu ibyo dukoresha n’ibyo dukora bishingiye cyane ku mahitamo make.” Silhorst yagize ati: “Mu bikoresho byacu byose, hari urwego rumwe rukumbi rw’umusaruro?, Ni batanga ibicuruzwa bangahe, ibikoresho fatizo bikorerwa he, kandi se ibyo bikoresho fatizo bikorerwa biri mu kaga gakomeye? Duhereye kuri ibi bibazo, turacyakeneye gukora akazi kenshi.”
Kovac yabwiye abanyamakuru ba CBN ko mu gihe gito, ihinduka ry’uruhererekane rw’ibiribwa bitewe n’icyorezo gishya cya crown pneumonia rigaragarira mu mpinduka yihutishijwe mu gutanga ibiryo kuri interineti, byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zisanzwe z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa.
Urugero, imigabane ya McDonald's mu bucuruzi bw'ibiribwa byihuse yagabanutseho hafi 70%, abacuruzi bakomeye bavuguruye ikwirakwizwa ry'ibicuruzwa, ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa kuri interineti muri Amazon bwiyongereyeho 60%, naho Wal-Mart yongera umubare w'abashaka ibicuruzwa ku bantu 150.000.
Mu gihe kirekire, Kovac yagize ati: “Amasosiyete ashobora gushaka umusaruro udasanzwe mu gihe kizaza. Ikigo kinini gifite inganda nyinshi gishobora kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku ruganda runaka. Niba umusaruro wawe wibanda ku gihugu kimwe, ushobora gutekereza ku gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, nko kugurisha ibicuruzwa bikize cyangwa abakiriya.”
“Ndizera ko umuvuduko w’imikorere y’ibigo bitunganya ibiribwa byiteguye gushora imari uzihuta. Birumvikana ko kwiyongera kw’ishoramari muri iki gihe bizagira ingaruka ku mikorere, ariko ndatekereza ko iyo urebye inyuma mu 2008 (itangwa ry’ibiribwa ryatewe n’inzitizi ku byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibiribwa mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe) Mu gihe cy’ikibazo), ibyo bigo bicuruza ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa byiteguye gushora imari bigomba kuba byarabonye iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa, cyangwa byibuze biruta ibigo bitarashora imari.” Kovac yabwiye umunyamakuru wa CBN.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-06-2021