Nyuma y’igeragezwa ry’umuriro w’ingurube nyafurika hamwe n’icyorezo cy’inzige zo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba, icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga w’umusonga kirashimangira igiciro cy’ibiribwa ku isi ndetse n’ibibazo bitangwa, kandi bishobora guteza impinduka zihoraho mu itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa.
Ubwiyongere bw'abakozi batewe n'umusonga mushya w'ikamba, ihagarikwa ry'isoko ndetse n'ingamba zo guhagarika ubukungu bizagira ingaruka mbi ku itangwa ry'ibiribwa ku isi.Ibikorwa bya guverinoma zimwe na zimwe zo kugabanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bikemuke mu gihugu bishobora gutuma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.
Mu mahugurwa yo kuri interineti yateguwe na Globalization Think Tank (CCG), Matthew Kovac, umuyobozi mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’ibiribwa muri Aziya (FIA), yabwiye umunyamakuru w’Ubushinwa Business News ko ikibazo cy’igihe gito cy’ibicuruzwa ari ukugura abaguzi ingeso.Impinduka zagize ingaruka ku nganda gakondo zokurya;mugihe kirekire, ibigo binini byibiribwa birashobora gukora umusaruro wegerejwe abaturage.
Ibihugu bikennye cyane byibasiwe cyane
Dukurikije imibare iherutse gushyirwa ahagaragara na Banki y'Isi, ibihugu 50 byibasiwe cyane n’icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga w’umusonga bingana na 66% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi.Umugabane uri hagati ya 38% kubihingwa byishimisha nkitabi kugeza 75% kumavuta yinyamanswa nimboga, imbuto nshya ninyama.Kohereza mu mahanga ibiryo by'ibanze nk'ibigori, ingano n'umuceri nabyo biterwa cyane n'ibihugu.
Ibihugu byiganjemo ibihingwa byiganjemo kimwe nabyo bifite ingaruka zikomeye zatewe nicyorezo.Kurugero, Ububiligi nimwe mubihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku isi.Kubera kuzitirwa, Ububiligi ntibwatakaje ibicuruzwa gusa kubera gufunga resitora zaho, ariko no kugurisha ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi nabyo byahagaritswe kubera kuzitira.Gana ni kimwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga.Iyo abantu bibanze kugura ibikenerwa aho kuba shokora mugihe cyicyorezo, igihugu cyatakaje amasoko yose yuburayi na Aziya.
Impuguke mu bukungu muri Banki y'Isi, Michele Ruta n'abandi, bavuze muri raporo ko niba indwara z’abakozi n’ibisabwa mu gihe cy’imibereho itandukanye bizagira ingaruka ku itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi byibanda cyane ku murimo, hanyuma kimwe nyuma y’icyorezo Mu gihembwe, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi hose irashobora kugabanukaho 6% kugeza kuri 20%, kandi ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ibiribwa byinshi by’ibanze, birimo umuceri, ingano n’ibirayi, bishobora kugabanuka hejuru ya 15%.
Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ikigo cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EUI), Global Trade Alert (GTA) na Banki y’isi, guhera mu mpera za Mata, ibihugu n’uturere birenga 20 byashyizeho uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kubuza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.Kurugero, Uburusiya na Qazaqistan byashyizeho ibihano byoherezwa mu mahanga ku ngano, naho Ubuhinde na Vietnam byashyizeho amategeko abuza umuceri ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.Muri icyo gihe, ibihugu bimwe byihutisha ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bibike ibiryo.Kurugero, Filipine ibitse umuceri naho Misiri ibika ingano.
Mugihe ibiciro byibiribwa bizamuka kubera ingaruka z’icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga, guverinoma irashobora gukoresha politiki y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo ibiciro by’imbere mu gihugu bihoshe.Ubu buryo bwo kwirinda ibiribwa busa nkuburyo bwiza bwo gutanga ubutabazi ku bantu bugarijwe n’ibibazo, ariko gushyira mu bikorwa icyarimwe ingamba nkizo za guverinoma nyinshi zishobora gutuma ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku isi byiyongera cyane, nk'uko byagenze mu mwaka wa 2010-2011.Nk’uko bigaragazwa na Banki y'Isi, mu gihembwe gikurikira icyorezo cyose cy’icyorezo, ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bizatuma igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi ku kigereranyo cya 40.1%, mu gihe ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku isi biziyongera ku kigereranyo cya 12.9 %.Ibiciro nyamukuru byamafi, oati, imboga ningano bizamuka 25% cyangwa birenga.
Izi ngaruka mbi zizaterwa ahanini nibihugu bikennye cyane.Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi, mu bihugu bikennye cyane, ibiribwa bingana na 40% -60% by’ibyo bakoresha, ibyo bikaba bikubye hafi 5-6 by’ubukungu bwateye imbere.Umubare wa Nomura Securities 'Food Vulnerability Index urutonde rwibihugu 110 n’uturere hashingiwe ku ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ibiribwa.Imibare iheruka kwerekana yerekana ko ibihugu 50 n’uturere hafi ya byose byibasiwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa Ubukungu butera imbere bugera kuri bitatu bya gatanu by’abatuye isi.Muri byo, ibihugu byibasiwe cyane n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birimo Tajikistan, Azerubayijani, Misiri, Yemeni na Cuba.Ikigereranyo cy'ibiribwa muri ibi bihugu kizazamuka 15% kigere kuri 25.9%.Ku bijyanye n’ibinyampeke, igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ibiciro mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere kandi bitaratera imbere biterwa n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bizagera kuri 35.7%.
Ati: “Hariho ibintu byinshi bibangamira gahunda y'ibiribwa ku isi.Usibye icyorezo kiriho, hari n'imihindagurikire y’ikirere n'izindi mpamvu.Ndatekereza ko ari ngombwa gushyiraho ingamba zitandukanye mu gihe duhanganye n'iki kibazo. ”Umuyobozi w'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubushakashatsi kuri politiki y'ibiribwa, Johan Swinnen, yatangarije abanyamakuru ba CBN ko ari ngombwa cyane kugabanya gushingira ku isoko imwe itanga amasoko.Ati: “Ibi bivuze ko niba ukomoka gusa ku gice kinini cy'ibiribwa by'ibanze biva mu gihugu kimwe, uruhererekane rwo gutanga no kugemura rushobora kwibasirwa.Kubwibyo, ni ingamba nziza yo kubaka ishoramari portfolio ituruka ahantu hatandukanye."Yavuze.
Uburyo bwo gutandukanya urunigi
Muri Mata, ibagiro ryinshi muri Amerika aho abakozi bemeje ko imanza zahatiwe gufungwa.Usibye ingaruka zitaziguye zo kugabanuka kwa 25% kugabanuka kwingurube, byanateje ingaruka zitaziguye nkimpungenge zijyanye no kugaburira ibigori.Raporo iheruka gusohoka “Isoko ryo gutanga ubuhinzi n’ibisabwa ku isi” yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi muri Amerika yerekana ko ingano y’ibiribwa yakoreshejwe muri 2019-2020 ishobora kuba hafi 46% by’ibigori bikenerwa mu gihugu muri Amerika.
Ati: “Gufunga uruganda rwatewe n'icyorezo gishya cy'umusonga ni ikibazo gikomeye.Niba ifunze iminsi mike, uruganda rushobora kugenzura igihombo cyarwo.Icyakora, guhagarika umusaruro mu gihe kirekire ntabwo bituma abatunganya ibintu gusa, ahubwo binatuma ababitanga baba mu kajagari. ”Christine McCracken, umusesenguzi mukuru mu nganda za poroteyine za Rabobank.
Icyorezo gitunguranye cy'umusonga mushya wagize ingaruka zikomeye ku ruhererekane rw'ibiribwa ku isi.Kuva ku mikorere y’inganda zinyama muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika kugeza no gutoragura imbuto n'imboga mubuhinde, inzitizi z’ingendo zambukiranya imipaka nazo zahungabanije umusaruro w’ibihe bisanzwe by’abahinzi.Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Economist kibitangaza ngo buri mwaka Amerika n'Uburayi bikenera abakozi barenga miliyoni bimukira baturutse muri Mexico, Afurika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi bw'Uburasirazuba kugira ngo bakemure umusaruro, ariko ubu ikibazo cy'ibura ry'abakozi kiragenda kigaragara.
Mugihe bigoye cyane ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi bijyanwa mu nganda zitunganya no ku masoko, imirima myinshi igomba guta cyangwa gusenya amata n’ibiribwa bishya bidashobora koherezwa mu nganda zitunganya.Ishyirahamwe ry’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi (PMA), itsinda ry’ubucuruzi bw’inganda muri Amerika, ryatangaje ko miliyari 5 z’amadolari y’imbuto n'imboga mbisi byapfushije ubusa, kandi inganda zimwe z’amata zajugunye litiro ibihumbi by’amata.
Imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ku biribwa n'ibinyobwa ku isi, umuyobozi wungirije wa Unilever R&D, Carla Hilhorst, yabwiye abanyamakuru ba CBN ko urwego rutanga isoko rugomba kwerekana ubwinshi.
Ati: "Tugomba guteza imbere ubwinshi no gutandukana, kubera ko ubu ibyo dukoresha n'umusaruro biterwa cyane n'amahitamo make."Silhorst yagize ati: "Mubikoresho byacu byose bibisi, haba hari umusaruro umwe gusa?, Abatanga isoko bangahe, ibikoresho bibisi bikorerwa he, kandi nibihe aho ibikoresho fatizo bikorerwa ibyago byinshi?Duhereye kuri ibyo bibazo, turacyakeneye gukora imirimo myinshi. ”
Kovac yatangarije abanyamakuru ba CBN ko mu gihe gito, kuvugurura urwego rw’ibiribwa n’icyorezo gishya cy’umusonga w’umusonga bigaragarira mu ihinduka ryihuse ry’itangwa ry’ibiribwa kuri interineti, ryagize ingaruka cyane ku nganda gakondo z’ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa.
Kurugero, ikirango cyihuta cyibiribwa byihuse McDonald yagurishije muburayi yagabanutseho 70%, abadandaza bakomeye bongeye kugabura, ubushobozi bwa e-ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi bwa Amazone bwiyongereyeho 60%, naho Wal-Mart yongerera abakozi 150.000.
Mu gihe kirekire, Kovac yagize ati: “Ibigo bishobora gushaka umusaruro wegerejwe abaturage mu gihe kiri imbere.Uruganda runini rufite inganda nyinshi rushobora kugabanya gushingira ku ruganda runaka.Niba umusaruro wawe wibanze mu bihugu bimwe, urashobora gutekereza ku buryo butandukanye, nk'abatanga ibintu byinshi cyangwa abakiriya. ”
Ati: "Nizera ko umuvuduko wo gutangiza ibigo bitunganya ibiribwa byiteguye gushora imari bizihuta.Ikigaragara ni uko ishoramari ryiyongereye muri iki gihe bizagira ingaruka ku mikorere, ariko ndatekereza ko uramutse usubije amaso inyuma ukareba 2008 (itangwa ryatewe no guhagarika ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe) Mu gihe habaye ikibazo), ayo masosiyete y'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa ko bafite ubushake bwo gushora imari bagomba kuba barabonye ubwiyongere bw'igurisha, cyangwa byibuze byiza cyane kuruta ibigo bitashora imari. ”Kovac yabwiye umunyamakuru wa CBN.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-06-2021