Abashinwa bose bafite urwibutso rumwe, aho umubyeyi akora umugati utetse. Ni umweru, woroshye kandi uryana. Nyuma yo gusogongera, uburyohe bwiza bwa "starch" mu kanwa ntibugira iherezo. Iyo ushonje, ufata umugati utetse utetse ukanawurya. Utubuto tw'uburyohe bwawe dushobora kumva fibre yihariye y'ifu y'ingano nubwo nta yindi iwuherekeje. Uzifuza kongera kurya. Umugati utetse utetse mu buryo butagaragara wariwe.
Inkomoko y'umugati utekeshejwe umwuka ishobora kuba ifitanye isano na Zhuge Liang. Dushobora kuvuga ko Zhuge Liang yagize icyo ageraho mu gufata Meng Huo no kwigarurira Nanman. Ubwo yambukaga uruzi, yahuye n'abazimu benshi. Yatekereje kuri iki kibazo maze yiyemeza gusaba ubufasha imana y'uruzi. Ariko ntiyigeze atanga umuntu. Yajyanye ifu itekeshejwe umwuka aho gutanga imitwe y'abantu ku mana y'uruzi kugira ngo ayirye. Mu mvugo y'Abashinwa, umugati utekeshejwe umwuka na wo witwa mantou. Iyo abantu babimenye, bakurikiraga kandi bakagira umugati utekeshejwe umwuka.
Bitewe n'imyumvire isanzwe n'ibitekerezo gakondo, umusaruro w'umugati utetse wagumye ku rwego rw'umusaruro w'umuryango cyangwa umusaruro wo mu iduka mu myaka ibihumbi, umusaruro uvamo ukaba muke, abakozi benshi bakoreshwa cyane, ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa n'isuku nke y'ibicuruzwa. Nyuma ya za mirongo inani, igihugu cyacu cyanyuze mu mpinduka za politiki, ingengabitekerezo y'abantu yatangiye guhinduka igana ku bwubatsi bw'ubukungu. Politiki y'ibiribwa nayo yatangiye guhinduka buhoro buhoro. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora umugati utetse mu Bushinwa nabwo bwatangiye kuva kuri ibi.
Iki gihe cyahereye mu ntangiriro za 1980 kugeza hagati mu myaka ya 1990. Mu 1984, Komisiyo y'Ubukungu ya Leta na Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi basohoye umushinga w'ubushakashatsi wa "Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho by'umurongo ukomeza gukora umugati utetse". Ikigo cya Zhengzhou Grain Institute cyateguye abashakashatsi ba tekiniki babishinzwe kugira ngo batangire ubushakashatsi ku nganda zikora umugati utetse. Umurongo ukoreshwa mu gukora umugati utetse n'umurongo ukoreshwa mu gukora umugati utetse wo mu bwoko bwa MTX-250 byageragejwe bikurikirana. Mu 1986 na 1991, hashyizweho uburyo bwo kumenya tekiniki bw'igihugu, aho urwego rw'imikorere y'umurongo ukoreshwa mu gukora umugati utetse ruri hejuru, ni cyo gitekerezo cya mbere cy'inganda zikora umugati utetse mu Bushinwa. Mu 1986, hatanzwe ishami rishinzwe gukora umugati utetse ryakozwe n'Ikigo 608 cya Minisiteri y'Indege. Ariko, ubwoko bwose bw'imirongo ikorwamo ni buke bitewe n'ishoramari rinini mu bikoresho, inenge mu mikorere y'igenzura ryikora, n'ikoranabuhanga ritagereranywa mu gutunganya. Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rikorwa muri iki cyiciro nabwo burakorwa muri iki cyiciro. Impuguke n'abahanga benshi biga ingaruka z'ubuziranenge bw'ifu ku mugati utetse, bagiteri zo gushyushya no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya, kubungabunga uburyo umugati utetse woroshye, n'uburyo ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu nganda, byageze ku musaruro mwiza kandi bishyiraho urufatiro rwiza rwo guteza imbere umurongo w'umugati utetse mu nganda.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21, siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga birimo gutera imbere ku muvuduko wihuse kandi umuvuduko w'inganda zikora imigati ishyushye urimo gutera imbere. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho bikomeza gukorwa bihora binozwa, kandi bigatezwa imbere cyane. Bikemura ibibazo bya tekiniki byo gukora imigati ishyushye ifite amabara n'ubwoko butandukanye, kandi bigatera imbere mu buryo bwo guhinga, gukangura, gushyushya, gukonjesha no gupakira, ibyo bikaba bidakiza gusa akazi k'abantu ahubwo binatuma inzira yo gukora yoroshye kugenzura no kunoza ubwiza bw'umusaruro. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukora imigati ishyushye ryasimbuye ikorwa ry'imigati ishyushye, ryihuse, rifite ubuzima bwiza kandi rikora neza kugira ngo rihuze n'ibyo abantu benshi bakeneye muri sosiyete ya none.
Uburyo bwo gukora umurongo w’ibinyampeke bya bionic butunganywa bukozwe neza hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe. Bugizwe n’ibice bitandatu, nko kuvanga noodles, noodles zo gukaranga bionic, ibice bihuza, gukora, gushyiraho isahani byikora no gushyiramo ibikoresho byikora. Ni wo murongo ukora neza cyane ku isoko muri iki gihe. Umuvuduko wo gukora ni 200 / min kandi umurongo wose w’abakozi ukenera abantu 2-3 gusa. Ingufu nyinshi, umusaruro mwinshi, kwigana ni byo byiza by’umurongo ukora.
Ifu ivanga ifite akazi ko gukoresha ifu n'amazi mu buryo bwikora. Uburyo bwo kuyikwirakwiza mu buryo bwikora n'imikorere y'ingenzi imwe ni ubushishozi. Ifu iterura kandi ifunguye kandi igorofa igumana isuku igihe cyose. Hakoreshwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyivanga, butwarwa n'imihoro ibiri hanyuma bugakururwa mu cyerekezo gitandukanye kugira ngo gluten ibe nziza kandi ishyireho urufatiro rw'umugati utetse kugira ngo ugere ku buryohe bwiza.
Nyuma yo kurangiza ifu, ifu yinjira mu cyuma gipima ubushyuhe kugira ngo irangize neza kandi ikata neza, hanyuma ijya mu mashini ikora ifu ya bionic kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gukaranga.
Imashini yo gukaranga yihuta cyane ikoresha uburyo bwo gukaranga ikoresheje uburyo bwo gukaranga buhagaze, bugashyirwa ku buso bumwe bungana na kilogarama 10-50. Mu gukaranga, gluten ikora imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibiryo. Urusobe rw’ibiryo bya gluten n’ibinyampeke bya sitashi birushaho guhuzwa. Imiterere y’imbere y’ifu irangana kandi ihamye, ibyo bikaba bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza uburyohe bw’umugati utetse.
Umubare w'imashini zikora ku gipimo cya karendari (calendar) n'izipfunyika (guilding ecran) ushobora gushyirwaho ku buryo bworoshye kuri ecran ikoraho (touch screen) kandi ugahindurwa mu buryo bwikora. Ifite igikoresho cyo gukurura ivumbi, imashini zikora ku gipimo cya karendari (automatic cleansing) zishobora gukorwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'imashini zikora ku gipimo cya karendari (calendar).
Nyuma yo gukaraba imiterere y'ibishishwa byo hejuru, birarushaho kuba byiza. Kubyuka kugira ngo bifate umwuka kandi bigakomeza kuba byiza. Ibikoresho bishyushye ni byiza cyane kandi bifite imyobo imwe kandi biryana, bifite ubuso bworoshye n'ibara ryiza.
Imashini y'ubwenge ihuza imigozi ibiri y'ubuso mu buryo bwikora, ifite uburebure buri hagati ya mm 300-700. Ikoresheje uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko wo guhindura inshuro, porogaramu ya PLC igenzura ko umuvuduko w'inyuma y'imashini ibumba uguma uko wari uri, igahagarika kwegeranya umukandara cyangwa gukurura ibintu.
Imashini ikora umugati ikoresheje umuyaga mwinshi igabanya umukandara wo hejuru, ikawuzungurutsa n'imiterere yawo. Imashini ebyiri zihindura imiterere y'umukandara w'inyenyeri +8 zitsinda kalendari z'ubuso zikomeza, zigahuza urusobe rwa gluten kandi zikongera ubwiza bw'ubuso.
Uburyo ibikoresho bihindurwamo ibintu burimo ubushobozi bworoshye. Uburemere bushobora guhindurwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gukora, bushobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe buto imwe.
Ifu ifite ishusho y'umukara yinjira mu mashini ikora isukura no gushushanya kugira ngo isukure no gushushanya. Ifu irasukurwa mu buryo bw'umuzenguruko. Igice cyo hejuru cy'uruziga kirasanwa kandi hasi hameze nk'ishusho. Ibikoresho bifite icyuho gisobanutse kandi bikunganira. Intambwe zo gukora zirushaho kunozwa.
Nyuma yo gushushanya urusoro, rushyirwa mu mashini ishyiraho plate yikora kugira ngo ishyireho plate. Imashini ikoresha imiterere ya mekanike n'uburyo bwo kuyigenzura. Imigendere yayo ni myiza kandi yoroshye. Muri icyo gihe, plate yihuta cyane ishyirwa neza kugira ngo igumane imiterere myiza y'ifu.
Ibikoresho byo gupakira ibikoresho byikora bigabanya imbaraga z'abakozi, bikongera imikorere myiza, bigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ikiguzi no kongera imikorere myiza ku kigo.
Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'umugati utetse mu mwuka w'ibinyabuzima ni ibintu bikomeye. Uburyo bwo kuwukora buha umwanya wose imiterere y'ifu. Ubuhanga buhanitse, ireme ryinshi n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bituma umugati utetse uryoha neza, impumuro yuzuye, kandi bigasubiza uburyohe bw'umwimerere bwa noodles.
Muri iki gihe, umugati utetse wagizwe n'ubwoko bwinshi bufite imiterere yawo. Ni wo mu biribwa by'ingenzi cyane, harimo umugati ukomeye utetse, mu buryo bwagutse harimo n'imizingo y'amabara menshi, ubwoko bwose bw'imigati itetse, utuntu tw'umusatsi, umugati utetse mu ngano nyinshi, umugati utetse mu byokurya biryoshye, imirire myiza n'ubuzima bwiza, umugati utetse mu byokurya biryoshye, umugati utetse mu ngano nyinshi n'ibindi.
Mu myaka 40 ishize yo kuvugurura no gufungura, impinduka ku meza mato zarogeje ubuzima bubi, bushyushye, busharira kandi buryoshye bw'abaturage basanzwe, ndetse zinagaragaza impinduka zihuse mu bukungu bw'Ubushinwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-19-2022